Hybrid

Hybrid sits in the middle of the on-grid and off-grid spectrum. Unlike on-grid systems that stop producing when PLN goes down, a hybrid system can switch to islanded mode and supply critical loads from the battery and panels. Unlike off-grid systems that must carry the full battery capacity, hybrid can still rely on the grid as backup, so the battery can be smaller.

Hybrid adoption in Indonesia has grown since [Permen ESDM No. 2 Tahun 2024] took effect. Because surplus exports to the grid are no longer compensated, many homeowners choose to store excess daytime production in a battery for night-time use — a strategy that is mathematically more profitable than letting the surplus flow to PLN for free.

Cost-adding components: the hybrid inverter (more expensive than an ordinary string inverter), a residential LFP battery at Rp 5.5-7.5 million per kWh [docs/data-kalkulator.md], and a critical-load transfer management system. The total CapEx for a 5 kWp hybrid system + 5 kWh battery is in the Rp 17-20 million per kWp-equivalent range — about 50-60% above a pure on-grid system.

Indonesian PLTS Application Example

An R-1 2,200 VA home with a 5 kWp hybrid PLTS system + 5 kWh LFP battery can store ~4.5 kWh of usable energy (DOD 0.90) for night-time loads — enough for lights, a refrigerator, and fans from 18:00 to 23:00. When PLN goes down, critical loads stay on via islanded mode. Savings reference tariff: Rp 1,444.70/kWh [PLN tariff adjustment Q1 2026].